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Commentary: Emcore Scores Last Blast for Summer Solar
 
... The summer of 2007 is rapidly coming to an end, but the hottest topic of the summer season is clearly the stepped up appreciation of compound semi-based solar cells for terrestrial applications. Many new company names have found their way onto our radar screen as providers of CS solar...
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Kyma to Collaborate with EOC and Caracal to Improve Nonpolar GaN Substrate Production Methods
Compoundsemi News Staff

September 10, 2007...Less than one week after announcing the hiring of a chief scientist with world-class GaN growth expertise (Ref: Coverage), Kyma reported a new collaborative project. Kyma Technologies of Raleigh, North Carolina USA has partnered with Caracal and the Penn State’s Electro-Optics Center for improved mass production methods for Kyma’s low defect density nonpolar native gallium nitride (GaN) substrates. Kyma said it solicited the aid of Caracal and the Electro-Optics Center (EOC) to help work through what Kyma refers to as a “backend process bottleneck” in the production of low defect density nonpolar native GaN substrates.

Dr. Ed Preble, Kyma COO, added, "We are pleased to be able to respond to our customers' growing needs for high quality nonpolar GaN with improved crystalline orientation control. Our partnerships with both Caracal and EOC have proven to be of great value in terms of increasing our effective manufacturing capability and capacity."

Kyma CEO Dr. Keith Evans noted, "We joined EOC's Electro-Optics Alliance (EOA) early in 2006 and have enjoyed a number of very positive collaborative interactions with EOC ever since. Dr. Bill Everson of EOC has a rich experience base in single crystal semiconductor processing across a broad materials spectrum and has been enormously helpful. Our relationship with Caracal began earlier this year and is already very valuable, due to the energy and experience of Dr. Olle Kordina, Caracal's founder and CTO, and Dr. Igor Agafonov, Caracal's semiconductor processing expert.” Kyma News Release

TDI Ships Production Volumes of 4-Inch GaN and 4-Inch AlN Epitaxial Wafers
Compoundsemi News Staff

September 10, 2007...Technology and Devices International Inc. (TDI) of Silver Spring, Maryland USA, reported that its 4-inch (100 mm) gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminum nitride (AlN) epitaxial wafers are now in production and being shipped to customers. TDI uses its proprietary hydride vapor phase epitaxial (HVPE) process and multi-wafer equipment to manufacture the wafers. According to TDI, the company uses this HVPE process to deposit a 7 - 12 microns thick GaN layer on c-plane 4-inch sapphire substrates. The company indicated that these wafers are designed for low-defect substrates for manufacturing of advanced blue, green and white GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs).

For the production of the AlN epitaxial wafers, the company deposits a 10 - 30 microns thick electrically insulating AlN layer on 4-inch silicon carbide (SiC) substrates. The company says that these low defect electrically insulating substrates are primarily for development and production of high power AlGaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Company News Release

Bookham Deploys OceanBright Pump Laser Module
Compoundsemi News Staff

September 10, 2007...Bookham Inc. of San Jose, California USA, reported that the company’s OceanBright 980nm submarine pump is being actively deployed in undersea optical cable systems around the world. The company says that the pump module will make its European debut at ECOC September 17-19. Bookham boasts that the submarine pump module has met the demanding reliability requirements for submarine usage which include fewer than 50 failures in time. Furthermore the company says that the pump module has a lifetime of about 27 years with a less than 2 percent change in output power of that time. Bookham notes that the OceanBright module incorporates the Bookham generation eight laser chip (G08), and it is capable of exceeding 400mW at operating temperatures of 0°C to 45°C.

“The performance and reliability data for the 980nm pump module confirms its ability to perform to extremely high standards in very demanding conditions,” said Mark Ives, PLM Director, at Bookham. “Bookham has long been perceived as a leader in the terrestrial pump market; this product is expanding that expertise into the undersea cable market, as demonstrated by volume shipments of the pump module.” Company News Release

Hittite Introduces GaAs MMIC Sub Harmonic SMT Mixer

September 10, 2007...Hittite Microwave Corporation of Chelmsford, Massachusetts USA has introduced a new gallium arsenide (GaAs) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) sub harmonic surface mountable (SMT) mixer. Hittite says the device is suitable for microwave radios, VSAT, test and measurement, instrumentation, and military applications from 14.5 to 19.5 GHz. Company News Release

Kyma Hires Dr. Tanya Paskova as Chief Scientist
CompoundSemi News Staff

September 5, 2007...Kyma Technologies of Raleigh, North Carolina USA, a supplier of ultra-high purity gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminum nitride (AlN) crystals, has hired Dr. Tanya Paskova, a renowned expert in GaN crystal growth and characterization as chief scientist. According to Kyma, Dr. Paskova has been collaborating with Kyma since early 2006. Her work with the company has resulted in several conference presentations and scientific journal articles documenting Kyma’s native nonpolar GaN substrate product line. During her career, Dr. Paskova has authored more than 200 scientific papers, reviews and chapters in highly prestigious journals and books, and has given several invited talks at international conferences and university seminars.

Dr. Paskova obtained her academic degrees from Sofia University (Bulgaria) and Linköping University (Sweden). She held posts as an assistant professor at Sofia University, a visiting lecturer and an associate professor at Linköping University and University of Bremen (Germany). She spent most of her career working in the famous group of Professor Bo Monemar which focused on development of GaN epitaxial growth and study of basic properties of nitride materials and structures. Company News Release

Anadigics Acquires Fairchild’s RF Team and Design Center
CompoundSemi News Staff

September 6, 2007...Anadigics, a wireless and broadband solution provider headquartered in Warren, New Jersey USA, reported that it has acquired Fairchild Semiconductor’s RF team, fixed assets, certain leases, software, and licenses to IP in relation to Fairchild exiting its RF Group business in Tyngsboro, Massachusetts. Anadigics' $2.3 million acquisition includes the hiring of 23 RF design and engineering professionals. Anadigics says that the new group of professionals will speed up the company’s development of 3G Wireless, WiFi, and WiMAX product lines.

“Highly specialized RF talent is rare in the semiconductor industry and is a differentiating factor in our fast growing markets,” said Dr. Bami Bastani, President & CEO of Anadigics, Inc. "The establishment of the Massachusetts design center not only fulfills our planned 2008 resource requirements, but further consolidates the industry and provides Anadigics with a knowledgeable and exceptionally experienced RF team, which will accelerate our new revenue growth opportunities for 3G Wireless, WiFi and WiMAX product lines.” Anadigics News Release

Riber Sales Down but Cash Up for First Half of 2007
CompoundSemi News Staff

September 6, 2007...MBE equipment maker, Riber of Bezons, France, reported a 67 percent decrease in sales for the first half of 2007 fiscal year compared to the first half of 2006. The company noted that while no machine was delivered during the first half of 2007, (compared to 2 machines during the first half of 2006), machines deliveries which were planned during the first half-year have been shifted to the second half of the year.

The company showed a net loss of € 3.0 million during the first half of 2007 compared to breaking even during the first half of fiscal 2006. The company's cash and cash equivalents increased from € 5.2 million in the first half of 2006 to € 10.3 million in the first half of fiscal 2007. Riber says that this increase comes mainly from the collection of the balance on the sale of the Rueil Malmaison site. The company said that despite an significant increase expected in the gross margin during the second half of 2007, the company would still not able to show a profit for the year. Company H1 2007 Financial Results

TriQuint Expands into New RF Markets with Peak Devices Acquisition
CompoundSemi News Staff

September 4, 2007...TriQuint Semiconductor, a maker of wireless products, reported that it has completed the acquisition of Peak Devices, Inc. of Boulder, Colorado USA. In the cash transaction TriQuint acquired the fabless semiconductor company that focuses on discrete RF transistor technology. The acquisition will broaden TriQuint’s product offerings to include more devices for applications including: 2-way communications, FM and television broadcast, telecommunications, avionics, radar, and military.

“With the completion of the acquisition of Peak Devices, we take another step toward diversifying our technology portfolio, and further our strategy to cultivate revenue across multiple high-growth markets,” said Ralph Quinsey, TriQuint Chief Executive Officer (CEO). In the August 21st initial acquisition announcement, Mr. Quinsey remarked that Peak’s technology may make the wireless industry's goal of software definable radio possible. Peak has reportedly developed proprietary semiconductor technology that allows a single wide bandwidth amplifier to replace multiple high power multiplexer-combined-amplifiers.

Peak Devices CEO Bill McCalpin will lead TriQuint’s newly acquired Colorado operation. “Our team is eager to join TriQuint. We look forward to expanding our reach through TriQuint’s global salesforce, and working with their design teams to incorporate our wide band technology in upcoming product plans,” he said. “I believe the combination of TriQuint’s advanced semiconductor technologies such as GaN (Gallium Nitride) and High Voltage HBT with our wideband circuit technology will bring high power RF amplifiers to new levels of performance.” TriQuint News Release

Bookham Ships 100,000th InP MZ Modulator Unit After 10 Years of Leadership

September 4, 2007...Bookham marked the 10 year anniversary of its dominance in the indium phosphide (InP) Mach-Zehnder (MZ) Modulator market with shipment of its 100,000th unit. Bookham says that its InP MZ modulator has been co-packaged with lasers for over ten years. The company reports that with billions of field hours the modulators have had fewer than 30 failures in time (FITs). Bookham says that the highly reliable InP technology is the basis for the company’s vertically integrated new tunable portfolio including the MSA compliant integrable tunable laser assembly (iTLA), tunable transmitter assembly (TTA), and tunable small form factor transponder (TSFF).

“InP MZs offer a smaller footprint and lower cost than competing LiNbO3 and GaAs modulators, and have proven their ability to perform in 10Gbit/s metro and long haul applications,” explained Jon White, product line manager, InP MZ and tunable portfolio, at Bookham. “With increasing bandwidth demanding higher line card density, the ability to produce ever smaller components and modules is a critical differentiator. InP offers the ideal platform on which to build the next generation of tunable technology and will enable our future 40Gb/s developments and small form factor products.” The key products from Bookham’s tunable InP MZ portfolio – the TTA and the TSFF – will be demonstrated live at ECOC 2007 later this month on the company’s stand (number 17049). Company News Release

Infinera Used Jazz’s SiGe BiCMOS Process to Produce First 100 Gb/s ICs for Optical Networks

September 4, 2007...Jazz Semiconductor an analog-intensive mixed-signal (AIMS) foundry and wholly owned subsidiary of Jazz Technologies Inc., reported that it has collaborated on the design and production of the first 100 Gb/s (Gigabits/second) ICs for service provider networks. Jazz says that Infinera Corporation used the Jazz Semiconductor 0.18-micron Silicon Germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS process (SBC18QTD) to produce the integration required to develop components of the new Digital Optical Networks architecture.

Jazz Semiconductor indicated that Infinera’s new digital architecture is designed to be faster, more flexible, and simpler to deploy than conventional DWDM systems. Infinera says that optical network service providers see benefits from the architecture in terms of capacity, scalability, flexibility, reliability and intelligence. For this reason, the Infinera DTN, the key to building block of Infinera’s Digital Optical Network architecture, has won service provider customers for long-haul and metro networks worldwide in less than three years since its launch. Jazz Semiconductor News Release

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Commentary & Perspective...

Emcore Scores Last Blast for Summer Solar
Jo Ann McDonald, founding editor

September 4, 2007...The summer of 2007 is rapidly coming to an end, but the hottest topic of the summer season is clearly the stepped up appreciation of compound semi-based solar cells for terrestrial applications. Many new company names have found their way onto our radar screen as providers of CS solar cells in one form or another. Most of the newcomers are not only talking about it, but actually bringing CS-based concentrator cells directly to the end user market and advocates of alternative energy sources couldn't be more pleased. The biggest contract to date appears to be Emcore's recently announced $24 million order from Green and Gold Energy (GGE) of Glynde, Australia, for 3 million solar cells for use in GGE's SunCube terrestrial concentrator system. (Ref: Aug. 29 headline news).

Represented as a "105 MW" follow-on purchase order, GGE started buying from Emcore with an initial 5 MW order placed earlier this year, and GGE obviously liked what it bought. All hardware ordered under this new contract is slated to be shipped by the end of 2008. Emcore will ship what it now calls, simply, its Concentrator Triple-Junction (CTJ) solar cell products, which are made from a compound semi combination of GaInP/GaAs/Ge thin films. These products are deemed by most players in the advanced photovoltaic sector as the industry standard. While others are dabbling with various CS combos, Emcore and Boeing's Spectrolab pioneered GaInP/GaAs/Ge multijunction cells initially for space applications and more recently for terrestrial applications. The industry standard "conversion efficiency" metric is now "plus 35%" and the concentrator cells to be shipped by Emcore to GGE have demonstrated the current record conversion efficiency of 39% "under high concentration conditions". (1000x)

Green and Gold Energy, GGE, is an impressive international concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system provider. The company enjoys strong support from the Australian government. GGE's mission is to build their SunCube solar farms worldwide and sell the kWhs to a carbon constrained world. Their corporate goal is straightforward: "To reduce the delivered cost of photovoltaic (PV) kWhs to equal that available from dirty coal and to be well less than the cost of kWhs from clean coal or nuclear power plants. Solar PV then becomes a sensible, financial and logical choice for all electricity users." Their strategy is to dramatically exceed the cost effectiveness of existing PV flat panels through focused innovations in both the effective collection of solar energy (peak kWs) and the generation of maximum annual electric power (kWhs). To execute on that plan, GGE's design team is doing what companies like SolFocus are doing... but in a really big way.

GGE is working on what is obviously innovative and ground breaking work, in this case, their SunCube product line, which features a high efficiency (>30%) solar energy concentrator, plus their smart dawn to dusk Max kWh internal 2 axis sun tracker and Cool PV low operational PV cell temperature. Extensive testing is underway to be sure that the systems have a 20+ years of life and guaranteed high reliability. Once these characteristics are achieved, SunCube solar farms are slated to be constructed and the generated kWhs sold to our beleaguered, carbon constrained world. To support the strong demand for SunCubes worldwide, GGE is forming a JV with another Australian company to build a 100% Australian owned and operated SunCube manufacturing facility in Xiamen China with an ultimate production capacity of 3 million SunCubes (1GW) per year, and are prepared to continue to produce product in Australia as demand sees fit.

I'm a long-standing advocate of alternative, clean, environmentally-friendly (or at least environmentally benign) energy sources and have been for forty plus years. In the mid-1990s, Emcore and Spectrolab were the two major suppliers of non-silicon PV cells, and the only market for their wondrous small alternatives to bulky, relatively inefficient silicon cells were costly space applications where overall satellite weight and how long a (satellite) bird can remain in orbit means everything. There was only one other company in the CS PV space game at the time, Tecstar, which eventually became part of Emcore. Spectrolab, which started way back in 1956 as an independent provider to the space industry, contracted its device manufacturing to Emcore for awhile, as well as buying Emcore's MOCVD reactors. Spectrolab eventually became part of Boeing. The friendly competition between these pioneers was what produced record after record in efficiency. 26% used to be the magic metric and in December of 2006, Spectrolab, using concentrated sunlight, demonstrated the ability of a photovoltaic cell to convert 40.7% of the sun’s energy into electricity. The U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado verified the milestone. (Ref: Boeing news release.) These high efficiency multi-junction cells really do have a proven and very significant advantage over conventional silicon cells in concentrator systems, primarily because fewer solar cells are required to achieve the same power output. There's a marvelous graphic on Emcore's website that illustrates the difference. For those of you not yet well-versed on the topic, I highly recommend perusing Emcore's site under the PV section. It's very educational and comprehensive.

So our summer sun hats are off to David Danzilio, VP and GM of Emcore's PV division in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Emcore President and COO Hong Hou. There isn't a more knowledgeable team in the business when it comes to CS photovoltaics than what David and Hong have put together. For the first decade of its life, Emcore (which was founded in the mid-1980s in Somerset, New Jersey as a spinout of Bell Labs) Emcore simply made MOCVD reactors, those wonderful machines that produce the thin films which produce the majority of today's compound semiconductor wafers and devices. With only Aixtron as their worthy competitor, the company began to diversify to become a multilevel provider of compound semiconductor solutions. The company's legacy is as a true pioneer of all things compound semi-related. Shortly after buying Albuquerque-based Mode, which thrust the company into the fiberoptics device business, Emcore ventured into advanced solar cell development, built an elaborate facility in Albuquerque, and added Sandia whiz kid, Hong Hou to the R&D staff. Over recent years, Emcore has shed many of its machine and materials concerns, concentrating progressively on the fiberoptic device and module market, but it has always maintained its PV division.

Emcore has now moved its headquarters to the Albuquerque facility and solar productions appears to be going strong. But it hasn't always been easy to keep the PV division going. Space applications for CS solar cells dramatically rose and fell over those initial years of development and deployment of CS-bearing satellites, but eventually the space applications focus came down to earth, and terrestrial applications for CS-PV appear to be making noticeable inroads into end user market as the technology begins to make a convincing case versus silicon PV (with significant help from soaring oil prices). As witnessed by this contract with GGE, by leveraging their space know-how, Emcore is obviously helping bring CS-PV to the point where it can make the leap to our everyday needs. And with the advent of talented, energetic systems integrators like SolFocus and Green and Gold Energy, it just may be possible to see CS solar powering your home and mine in the not too distant future.

So what's next on the solar agenda? When Nancy Hartsoch of SolFocus presented at our CS Vision 2007 Executive Business Forum earlier this summer in Austin, Texas she underscored that collaboration is the key to getting CS-based PV systems entrenched (before the oil monopolies muscle us out of the energy game again as they did twice before when we thought we had oil on the run... out). She pointed out that the concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) industry challenges were as follows: 1) Assuring CPV systems are safe and installations are not prone to industrial accidents. 2) Standardizing performance measurements and specifications for CPV systems. 3) Educating buyers and policy makers on CPV technology and support requirements. And... 4) Assuring a coordinated infrastructure is in place for rapid market growth. You can bet we'll have a return visit from SolFocus and from other leaders in the CPV world presenting at CS Vision 2008 in February (in some nice, appropriate sunny USA venue) to see how well the CPV industry is doing in accomplishing tasks 1 through 4.

In the meantime, as the summer of '07 comes to a close in our part of the world (and while Australia, which is where GGE is located and where they're just coming out of winter), think sunny, bright thoughts. Think seriously about doing what you can do to help convert the energy sources in your community, business, and home to solar. Then do what you can to help everyone leap forward to the compounds and think sensible solar.

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