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Editorial: Bell Labs' Alfred Y. Cho Awarded USA's National Medal of Science and Technology for MBE Innovation
 
... Congratulations to compound semi industry MBE pioneer Alfred Y. Cho of Bell Labs was recently awarded the USA's 2005 National Medal of Technology. The award was given to Dr. Cho for his contributions to the invention and development of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technology. Alfred Cho is the adjunct...
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Nine of the Top Ten GaAs Manufacturers Reported Based in North America
CompoundSemi News Staff

August 8, 2007...Strategy Analytics reported that the gallium arsenide market grew 10 percent year-on-year in 2006. According to Strategy Analytics (SA), the three leading companies in the sector, RFMD, Skyworks and TriQuint own a combined 55 percent of the GaAs market in 2006, up from 47 percent in 2005. SA said that North American companies made up nine of the top ten GaAs manufacturer spots worldwide. Of the top three in GaAs, TriQuint grew the fastest with 37 percent growth over 2005. SA indicated that Mitsubishi of Japan was the only GaAs supplier among the top ten not based in North America.

The report stated that the top GaAs suppliers of Europe in rank order were: Filtronic, UMS and OMMIC. Stephen Entwistle, VP Strategic Technologies Practice at SA, noted, “Filtronic was the largest European GaAs device supplier in 2006 but missed out on a top ten place.” He added, “UMS was close behind, and Filtronic’s time as the number one European GaAs device supplier may be short-lived.” SA News Release

Cree's Many Accomplishments Belie its Financial Results for Fiscal 2007
CompoundSemi News Staff

August 8, 2007...Compound semiconductor and solid state lighting innovator, Cree Inc. of Durham, North Carolina USA, reported its financial results for fiscal 2007. The yearly revenue for fiscal 2007 decreased 7 percent compared to the revenue for fiscal 2006 dropping from $423 million for fiscal 2006 to $394.1 million for fiscal 2007. The GAAP net income for fiscal 2007, $57.3 million was also down compared to $76.7 million during fiscal 2006.

During the fiscal year the company completed the acquisition of Cotco, a supplier of high brightness packaged LEDs based in China. The company made available XLamp LEDs with a minimum luminous flux of 100 lumens at 350 mA. Additionally, both the city of Raleigh, North Carolina USA, and Toronto Canada became the first and second cities to join the company’s “LED City” program.

“Fiscal 2007 was a challenging but successful year for Cree as we made great strides in our transformation from an LED chip and SiC materials technology company into a components company positioned to lead the LED lighting revolution,” stated Chuck Swoboda, Cree chairman and CEO. “…We believe the combination of growing XLamp® LED sales, our new high-brightness, packaged LED product line and a more stable LED chip business has put Cree in a strong position for growth in fiscal 2008.” Company Financial Results for Fiscal 2007

Emcore’s Multi-Junction Solar Concentrator Cells Reach 39 Percent Conversion Efficiency
CompoundSemi News Staff

August 6, 2007...Emcore of Albuquerque, New Mexico USA, reported that it has obtained a record 39 percent conversion efficiency under 1000x concentrated illumination on its multi-junction solar cells. While this is not the highest conversion efficiency ever attained for solar concentrator cells (Boeing-Spectrolab attained 40.7 percent conversion efficiency for solar concentrator cells ; Coverage), the company says that it is the highest for solar concentrator cells in high volume production for terrestrial (on earth not in satellites) concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) applications. The conversion efficiency of 39 percent was reportedly measured on 1-cm2 production solar cells at 1000x illumination. Emcore indicated that its continuing innovation will enable the introduction of concentrator solar cell products with conversion efficiencies of greater than 40% under the high illumination operating conditions required for next generation, cost competitive CPV systems.

Commenting on this advancement, David Danzilio, Vice President and General Manager of EMCORE’s Photovoltaics Division stated “We believe this technical and operational advancement represents a significant value creation for our customers. Solar cells with 1000x conversion efficiency of 39% will enable CPV system developers to deploy competitive solar power installations with the lowest cost per kw-hr. We are committed to continuing our investment in CPV solar cell technology and production capacity to support our customers ever increasing requirements for performance, cost, and capacity.” Company News Release

Fairchild Launches New Facility Aimed at Automotive Applications for Global Power Resource Center
CompoundSemi News Staff

August 6, 2007...Fairchild Semiconductor of San Jose, California USA, has launched a new facility for its Global Power Resource Center. The company said that the new facility in Ann Arbor, Michigan USA, near the heart of the USA’s automotive industry, is a response to the automotive industry’s need for power applications. According to the company, applications such as power management, body control, motor control, ignition, engine management, and electric and hybrid vehicle systems require the company’s comprehensive portfolio of products.

"The growth of automotive power electronics and the higher growth rates for body electronics and emerging systems are driving the need for innovative functional power products as well as expertise in system-level understanding to optimize designs. Our new Michigan Global Power Resource Center provides customers with technical experts who can help them select or develop the right solutions for their designs," said Paul Leonard, vice president of Automotive Products. Company News Release

AXT Profits With Gallium Shortages
CompoundSemi News Staff

August 6, 2007...AXT, a maker of compound semiconductor substrates located in Fremont, California USA, reported its financial results for the second quarter which ended June 30, 2007. According to AXT, the revenue for the quarter was $13.6 million, compared with $12.5 million in the first quarter of 2007, and $10.4 million in the second quarter of 2006. The revenue from gallium arsenide substrates for the quarter was $9.3 million, compared to $8.8 million of the previous quarter and $8.1 million during the same quarter a year ago. 6-inch diameter wafer sales were down slightly to $2.8 million for the second quarter. They were $3.3 million for the first quarter and $2.8 million for the second quarter of 2006. The company cited the delay in BIFET qualifications of certain customers with the decrease in 6-inch diameter wafer sales. However, the AXT said that the majority of the BIFET qualifications were completed by the end of the second quarter. AXT reported that sales of raw materials, (primarily pure gallium) were $3.3 million in the second quarter of 2007 compared with $2.6 million in the first quarter of 2007, and $1.4 million in the second quarter of 2006.

"This has been a very interesting and gratifying quarter for AXT," said Phil Yin, chief executive officer. "Shortages in gallium raw material and increasing interest in emerging applications such as photovoltaics are illuminating the unique competitive positioning that AXT is likely to benefit from over the next several years.” Company Q2 2007 Financial Results

Norway Plans to Ban Gallium Arsenide
CompoundSemi News Staff

August 1, 2007...The time for public consultation on PoHS is running out. In June, Norway told the World Trade Organization of its intentions to ban 18 substances. The ban would go beyond the prohibitions EU’s RoHS directives for electrical and electronic companies. Norway has proposed banning the use of what it lists as hazardous substances in all consumer goods with a few exceptions. Gallium arsenide, is on the list of banned substances. Arsenic is the substance of concern in that compound. Instead of the list of six banned substances in the RoHS directive, Norway has proposed banning 18 substances in all consumer products (not just in electronics). Some of the substances barred in the RoHS directive allowed certain exceptions in consumer goods. However, Norway’s proposed new rules would allow very few exceptions. The proposal is scheduled to be adopted on 15 December, and enforcement is set to begin on January 1, 2008. The regulation would not be confined to electrical and electronic equipment. Public consultation about the measure will end September 1, 2007. At that point a report will be written that will provide recommendations to legislature of Norway.

PoHS would also cover any use of lead except in medical devices. A PoHS guidance package (a PoHS guidebook) about the legislation can be purchased from RoHS-International. It costs NZ$140, which is about $110 in U.S. dollars. The PoHS guide was published to help companies identify where these banned substances may be used in products. The PoHS guide has sections for plastics, electronics, construction, textile industries, and manufacturers of end consumer products. RoHS News Release

Bell Labs MBE Pioneer Alfred Y. Cho Awarded USA's Highest Technology Honor

August 1, 2007...August 1, 2007...On Tuesday, the USA's President Bush awarded the 2005 National Medal of Technology to Alfred Y. Cho for his contributions to the invention and development of MBE technology. An announcement of the award was originally made by Alcatel-Lucent which now owns Bell Labs. (Ref: company news release, which contains details about the award and Dr. Cho's achievements. In the White House awards ceremony, President Bush underscored that Dr. Cho helped develop MBE technology into a production tool for advanced electronic and photonic devices. Applications for the tool help produce components of cellular phones, CD players, and high-speed communications. The National Medal of Science and Technology is the highest honor the president of the United States can give to any citizen for work in their science and technical fields.

ACCO Raises $10 Million in Round A Funding
Compound Semi News Staff

August 1, 2007...ACCO, a fabless French startup specializing in analog and RF semiconductor design, reported that it has closed round A funding with $10 million of investment. In the funding round, Pond Venture Partners and Partech International join Siparex Ventures, a seed-level investor since October 2005. ACCO recently demonstrated what the company says is a very innovative approach that will make CMOS technology a reality in the power amplifier market for handheld devices. The company also says its innovation in power amplifier design enables the manufacturing of more reliable and highly integrated mobile devices at a lower cost. Acco was founded by Denis Masliah. ACCO decided earlier this year to raise VC funds to support its new business model strategy based upon what the company’s important advance in power amplifier design.

Richard Irving, Managing Partner at Pond Venture Partners, commented, “The wireless handset market is always looking for innovative solutions to satisfy continuously growing consumer expectations in terms of cost and battery life. We are convinced ACCO will play a significant role in meeting these needs.”

“CMOS power amplifiers represent a huge convergence opportunity” stated Jean-Marc Patouillaud, Managing Partner at Partech International. “We are convinced ACCO’s technology will act as a key driver of that convergence.” ACCO News Release

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Commentary & Perspective...

Bell Labs' Alfred Y. Cho Awarded USA's National Medal of Science and Technology for MBE Innovation
Jo Ann McDonald, founding editor

August 8, 2007...Congratulations to compound semi industry MBE pioneer Alfred Y. Cho of Bell Labs was recently awarded the USA's 2005 National Medal of Technology. The award was given to Dr. Cho for his contributions to the invention and development of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technology. Alfred Cho is the adjunct vice president of Semiconductor Research at Alcatel-Lucent's Bell Labs. He developed the growth technique at Bell Labs in the late 1960s. Dr. Cho was also the co-inventor, with Federico Capasso, of quantum cascade lasers at Bell Labs in 1994. As those of us who cover the CS industry well know, MBE is a critically important compound semiconductor epitaxial growth technique and reactor design that plays a particularly important role as a production tool for the research, development and manufacturing of CS-based electronic and photonic devices that find there way into end systems such as advanced LEDs, sensors and solar cells, cellphones, CD and DVD players, and any number of high-speed communication systems.

The USA's National Medal of Science and Technology is considered by the US government as the highest honor it can bestow upon any citizen for key work in their particular science and technical fields. Dr. Cho was awarded his medal at a White House ceremony, presided over by the USA's current president, George W. Bush. The award ceremony took place last week in Washington DC. (Ref: White House press release.) The fact that Dr. Cho would be one of the awardees was originally announced by the current owners of Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent, on June 14th (Ref: company news release)

Dr. Cho was born in 1937 in Beijing and holds B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois. He joined Bell Labs in 1968. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, as well as a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The White House honor is the most recent of many received by Dr. Cho, a list that includes the American Physical Society International Prize for New Materials in 1982, the Solid State Science and Technology Medal of the Electrochemical Society in 1987, the World Materials Congress Award of ASM International in 1988, the Gaede-Langmuir Award of the American Vacuum Society in 1988, the Industrial Research Institute Achievement Award of the Industrial Research Institute Inc. in 1988, the New Jersey Governor's Thomas Alva Edison Science Award in 1990, the International Crystal Growth Award of the American Association for Crystal Growth in 1990, the National Medal of Science in 1993, the Von Hippel Award of the Materials Research Society in 1994, the Elliott Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1995, the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1994, and the Computers & Communications Prize of the C&C Foundation, Japan in 1995.

A number of CS pioneers have received the USA's National Medal of Science and Technology. Prior to Dr. Cho, the most recent were Cree co-founder Calvin Carter and a three-way award that went to Nick Holonyak of the University of Illinois, M. George Craford of LumiLeds Lighting, and Russ Dupuis, formerly a professor at the University of Texas who is now at Georgia Institute of Technology in 2003. (Ref: our coverage). In 1985, Bell Labs became the first organization to be honored with a U.S. Medal of Technology, awarded for “contributions over decades to modern communications systems.” Cho’s honor marks the eighth time Bell Labs and its scientists have received the award.

Other Bell Labs recipients of the National Medal of Science and Technology include: Arun Netravali (2002) for pioneering contributions in digital image and video compression technology; Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie (1998) for creating the UNIX operating system and C Language; Richard H. Frenkiel and Joel S. Engel (1994) for their fundamental contributions to the theory, design, and development of cellular mobile communications systems; Amos Joel (1993) For his vision, inventiveness and perseverance in introducing technological advances in telecommunications, particularly in switching, that have had a major impact on the evolution of the telecommunications industry in the U.S. and worldwide; W. Lincoln Hawkins (1992) For his invention and contribution to the commercialization of long-lived plastic coatings for communications cable that has saved billions of dollars for telephone companies around the world; and for his leadership in encouraging minorities to pursue science and engineering careers; and John S. Mayo (1990) for providing the technological foundation for information age communications and for overseeing the conversion of the national switched telephone network from analog to digital-based technology.

Many a compound semi industry pioneer hailed originally from the prestigious and internationally acclaimed "Bell Labs." Originally the R&D arm of the original Bell Telephone, Bell Labs has experienced various stages of development and experienced various "owners". Currently, Bell Labs is owned by a company that has evolved through mergers and acquisitions to become Alcatel-Lucent. It trades over the Euronext Paris and New York Stock Exchange (Symbol: NYSE: ALU). With operations now in more than 130 countries, Alcatel-Lucent achieved adjusted proforma revenues of Euro 18.3 billion in 2006. Ironically (given its strong USA roots) the company is incorporated in France, with executive offices located in Paris, and all the figures above, incidentally, exclude impact of activities transferred to Thales. The reason I underscore this, is that no matter who or what owns it, we all know it affectionately as simply Bell Labs. I'm enormously glad that Alcatel-Lucent is continuing that tradition.

As to the National Metal of Science and Technology, that's quite an honor no matter who or what is doing the awarding. It's really a combination of two medals, awarded now by an organization called The National Science & Technology Medals Foundation or NSTMF. This Foundation, established in 1991 as a 501(c)3 nonprofit, private/public partnership, began through a memorandum of understanding with the USA's Department of Commerce (DoC) to support the National Medal of Technology. In 1992, to better articulate the synergism between science and technology, the Foundation signed a letter of agreement with the The National Science Foundation, folding the National Medal of Science into its mission. NSTMF coordinates its activities with the The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the President, thus the reason the current USA president presents the award each year. While there's no marker to the current 2007 award yet posted on the NSTMF website, a description and history of the foundation (with lots of pictures of awardees) can be found on www.nationalmedals.org.

The fact that out of so many wonderful scientists and technologists that there are to chose from in the USA, the foundation has seen fit to award its annual metals to an amazing number of compound semi pioneers. To me that says that our CS industry are not only making a tremendous contribution, but our field truly does attract and retain the brightest and most promising men and women in science and technology. Materials scientists and device designers, especially. Again, our congratulations to Dr. Alfred Cho for being one of this year's winners. May he join the ranks of those who serve as role models for others and for young people coming out of colleges and universities throughout the world.

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