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Editorial: As Blue DVD Player Prices Dive GaN Suppliers Rise
 
... A significant step was taken this week by Sony, champions of the Blu-ray disc high definition DVD format. Sony announced they're lowering the price of their newest players by half. Sony's next-up BDP-S300 will cost $599, be smaller, with the same capabilities as the current model that sells for...
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Acreo Spins-Off QWIP Maker IRnova
CompoundSemi News Staff

March 6, 2007...Acreo, a semiconductor and optical networking company, has spun-off a separate company, IRnova AB based on Acreo’s experience with quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP). Acreo will own the majority of IRnova; employees will own the remaining stake. IRnova’s main technology uses aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate to produce the quantum wells.

During 2005-2006 calendar years, IRnova substantially increased its production capacity in the number of infrared detectors the organization produces per year. During 2006 Acreo says that IRnova received substantial new orders and customers which required a need for volume production of QWIP detectors. Acreo says that IRnova is already a leader in supplying QWIP detectors and solutions for QWIP focal plane arrays. Factory floor monitoring and medical testing devices are a couple of the applications of QWIP technology can be used for beyond the military applications which dominated early development efforts. Acreo News Release

Goodrich Corporation to Develop SWIR Camera for Northrop Grumman
CompoundSemi News Staff

March 6, 2007...Northrop Grumman Laser Systems business unit selected Goodrich Corporation to design and manufacture a boresight monitoring camera subsystem with its shortwave infrared technology. The boresight monitoring camera will be used to track and align lasers at multiple wavelengths on the device referred to as a multi-function laser. As part of the Army’s modernization program, a family of manned and unmanned air and ground systems are linked via a network

Goodrich’s SUI team (formerly Sensors Unlimited) based in Princeton, New Jersey USA, pioneered the design and production of SWIR cameras using indium gallium arsenide imaging technology, which will go in the boresight monitoring cameras. According to Goodrich Vice President and General Manager of its SUI team, Dr. Marshall Cohen, "Our team will modify, combine and enhance the functionality of two of its commercially available 320 x 256 focal plane array Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) cameras, resulting in a single unit that will meet the Army's requirements. By leveraging our proprietary technology, the new cameras will be smaller, will require less power and will offer superior operational capabilities over currently available SWIR cameras." Goodrich Corporation News Release

Panasonic Develops White LED on GaN Substrate for Volume Production
LIGHTimes Staff

March 6, 2007...Panasonic, the best known brand under Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd, reported that it has developed a blue LED element on a gallium nitride (GaN) substrate. The company plans to begin mass production of the white high-power LED series in mid March 2007. GaN substrates can boost performance of LEDs because of GaN’s high thermal and electrical conductivity. GaN substrates have the same refractive index as the light-emitting layer. Panasonic says using their high quality, lower priced GaN substrates results in an LED with 1.5 times efficiency in lumens per watt as the conventional sapphire-based LED element. In conventional sapphire-based LEDs, poor heat dissipation properties tend to result in saturation of output at high currents. Content continues for LIGHTimes SecondPage members...

Anadigics Launches 3G HSPA Transmit Modules
CompoundSemi News Staff

March 5, 2007...Anadigics of Warren, New Jersey USA, a broadband, wireless, and wireline communication developer, has launched a new family of front-end modules (FEMs) The company says the FEMs provide the complete transmit chain for WCDMA/EDGE (WEDGE) mobile handsets. The power amplifier (PA), RF coupler, transmit filter, duplexer, and antenna switch are all integrated in the front-end modules.

The FEMs utilize Anadigics' exclusive, third-generation high-efficiency- at-low-power (HELP3) technology, which the company says reduces average current consumption by 75 percent. The AWT6507 and the AWT6510 FEMs both measure 6.8 x 8.0 x 1.2mm and support quad-band Polar EDGE applications. The AWT6507 integrates a SP7T antenna switch for single-band UMTS, and the AWT6510 features a SP9T antenna switch for tri-band UMTS. Company News Release

Rensselaer Researchers Create Anti-Reflective Material for More Efficient Solar Cells or LEDs
LIGHTimes Staff

March 1, 2007...A report, which will appear in the March issue of Nature Photonics, explains how researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have created a special material that reflects virtually no light. The research could lead to brighter LEDs, more efficient solar cells, and a new class of “smart” light sources that adjust to the environment. The material the researchers created is an order of magnitude less reflective than what was previously the least reflective material. In fact the researchers say that it has almost the same refractive index as air. The refractive index is a fundamental optical property of a material. It governs the amount of light a material reflects, as well as other optical properties such as diffraction, refraction, and the speed of light inside the material. The material they created has refractive index of 1.05. As a comparison, window glass reportedly has a refractive index of 1.45. Content continues for LIGHTimes SecondPage members...

Avanex Divests in French Optoelectronic Fabs
CompoundSemi News Staff

March 2, 2007...Avanex Corporation of Fremont, California USA, a photonic solutions developer, reported that it entered into a definitive agreement to sell a 90 percent interest in its French subsidiary, Avanex France S.A. The divestiture includes selling its indium phosphide (InP) and gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductor fabs to Global Research Company, which is owned by Alexandre Krivine, and to the current management of Avanex France S.A, Didier Sauvage. Avanex Corporation also announced that it entered into a definitive agreement with an accredited institutional investor for a private placement of approximately 10.8 million shares of common stock for estimated aggregate proceeds of $20.0 million.

Avanex said that in addition to the III-V fabs, the divested business includes the laser, terrestrial pump, submarine pump, and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) product lines. Avanex indicated that its core development group will remain in France to focus on transmission products. The transaction is expected to close in the second quarter of calendar 2007. Once the sale is completed, according to the agreement, Avanex will pay the purchasers approximately $17.3 million for anticipated working capital including accrued liabilities for past restructuring activities. Avanex will retain the remaining 10 percent interest in the divested business and will enter into several commercial and transitional services agreements. Upon closing of the transaction, Avanex France S.A. will be renamed. Mr. Krivine will be named CEO and Mr. Sauvage will be named the company's first vice president.

"The divestiture of our fabs and certain product lines simplifies our operating structure, significantly reduces our fixed costs and accelerates our path to profitability," said Jo Major, chairman, president and CEO. "We expect to realize approximately $12.0 million to $16.0 million in annual financial improvements beginning in our fourth quarter of fiscal 2007." Mr. Major added, "The series of commercial agreements are designed to ensure our customers reliable access to the technology, continuity of supply, and provide transition support." Avanex News Release

KDDI and Fujitsu Jointly Develop Amplifier of Next Generation Mobile WiMAX
CompoundSemi News Staff

March 2, 2007...KDDI Corporation, Fujitsu Limited, and Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. of Japan announced that they have jointly developed a high-efficiency amplifier for mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005), a next-generation wireless broadband communications protocol, according to Japan’s Corporate News Network. The joint development efforts of Fujitsu and KDDI started in May 2006. KDDI reportedly had been exploring ways to make base stations smaller and more energy efficient to ultimately reduce costs required for a mobile WiMAX system infrastructure and operation. Amplifier performance dictates much of the performance of base station equipment. Fujitsu notes that high efficiency amplifiers can reduce size, weight, noise, and maintenance requirements while improving efficiency.

In particular, amplifiers dictate the performance of base station equipment. High-efficiency amplifiers can enable various benefits for base station equipment such as downsizing, lighter weight, greater power efficiency, less noise, and moving closer to becoming maintenance-free. Fujitsu says that the improved efficiency of the amplifiers will also make it possible to lower cost of support equipment for base stations base stations such as equipment for power sources and air conditioning.

Fujitsu said it was able to construct a prototype transmitter amplifier using a gallium-nitride (GaN) HEMT device that was developed by and later enhanced by Fujitsu Laboratories. Fujitsu was able to enhanced the prototype performance by optimizing the design of the amplifier circuits for higher efficiency and making improvements to its digital pre-distortion technology which has already been used successfully in 3G systems. The company succeeded in developing a prototype transmitter amplifier that achieves power efficiency of roughly 30 percent with 25 watt power output at 2.5 gigahertz (2.5GHz) operational frequency band. Fujitsu contends that the device’s efficiency is double the level of conventional amplifiers, and the development of the amplifier prototype paves the way for practical use of GaN HEMT-based high-efficiency amplifiers. Fujitsu News Release

JDSU to Acquire VCSEL Product Maker, Picolight
CompoundSemi News Staff

February 28, 2007...JDSU, a broadband and optical solution provider headquartered in Milpitas, California USA, announced a definitive agreement to acquire Picolight Inc., a maker of optical pluggable transceivers. JDSU said it expects the transaction to close in the fourth quarter ending June 30, 2007, subject to receipt of regulatory approvals. Under the terms of the agreement, JDSU will pay about $115 million in JDSU stock and up to an additional $10 million cash subject to the achievement of certain revenue targets during calendar year 2007. JDSU says that the addition of Picolight’s pluggable optics technology will strengthen its ability to address the fast-growing market for optical interconnect applications in the datacenter, enterprise, storage area, and metro networking markets. Picolight also brings its expertise in vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) used in high-speed and short-to-medium optical interconnects. JDSU says it will gain Picolight’s reliable and high performance 850 nm and 1310 nm VCSEL-based transceiver products. JDSU points out that with the added ability to manufacturer Picolights VCSEL products, it will be able to address a wider range of markets.

"By adding Picolight's vertically integrated VCSEL-based transceivers, JDSU will offer our enterprise customers an even broader product portfolio and an exceptionally strong roadmap to address the steep demand for reliable data management and delivery. This will put JDSU in an excellent position to serve existing and near-term requirements for 8 and 10 Gigabit network data management," said Mike Ricci, senior vice president of JDSU's optical communications group. "By adding to our vertically integrated photonics platform, we also will provide our customers a clear pathway and solid foundation to scale to 100 Gigabits in the future."

Steve Hane, Picolight president and chief executive officer said, "We believe we have an opportunity to alter the datacom optics landscape by creating a best-in-class product portfolio for datacenters and enterprise networks worldwide." JDSU News Release

Emcore Seeks to Expand Patent Litigation Against Optium
CompoundSemi News Staff

February 28, 2007...Emcore announced that it is seeking to expand its patent litigation against optoelectronic component maker, Optium. Both JDSU and Emcore filed a patent lawsuit against Optium on Septermer 11, 2006 in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania. The original complaint alleges that Optium’s Prisma II 1550nm transmitters violate two patents that Emcore licenses from JDSU, U.S. patent No. 6,282,003 (the ‘003 patent) and 6,490,071 (the ‘071 patent). (Ref: Coverage). Emcore has added an addition patent that the company licenses from JDSU, U.S. patent No. 6,519,374 ("the '374 patent") and an additional product line to this litigation. Instead of alleging that Optium’s Prisma II 1550nm transmitters infringe the patents, Emcore would like to specify that the company’s 1550nm externally modulated transmitters and its 1550 nm QAM transmitters infringe the patents. The three patents relate to the transmission of video, voice, and data for the CATV (cable TV) market.

"Emcore continues to put considerable resources into developing unique technologies that are key to transmission of video, voice and data, and which support Emcore's stature in the CATV market," said Dr. Hong Q. Hou, President and COO of Emcore. "Similarly, we will deploy considerable resources to ensure that our intellectual property is respected. We believe that Optium has infringed on several of our licensed patents and we will aggressively pursue any misuse of our intellectual property by Optium or any other companies and individuals," he said. Emcore News Release

Mimix Introduces GaAs MMIC Buffer Amplifiers
CompoundSemi News Staff

February 27, 2007...Mimix Broadband Inc. of Houston, Texas USA, has introduced two gallium arsenide (GaAs) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) two stage buffer amplifiers. The buffer amplifiers use GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) device model technology and have a 0.15 micron gate length. The XB1007-BD and XB1008-BD cover 4 to 11 GHz and 10 to 21 GHz respectively. The devices deliver +20 dBm P1dB compression point and +30 dBm OIP3. The XB1007-BD has a noise figure of 4.5 dB and 23 dB small signal gain; the XB1008-BD has a noise figure of 5.5 dB and 18 dB small signal gain. According to the company, the buffer amplifiers are ideal for wireless communications applications such as millimeter-wave point-to-point radio, local multipoint distribution services (LMDS), SATCOM and VSAT applications.

Mimix says that packaged versions of the XB1007-BD and XB1008-BD in fully molded, plastic 3x3 QFN packages will be available in the near future for surface mount applications. Mimix says it performs 100% RF, DC and output power testing on the XB1007-BD and XB1008-BD, as well as 100% visual inspection to MIL-STD-883 method 2010. The chips also have surface passivation to protect and provide rugged parts with backside via holes and gold metallization to allow either a conductive epoxy or eutectic solder die attach process. "These two buffer amplifiers offer a combination of broadband operation, output power and compact dimensions to provide a cost-effective solution for frequencies from 4 to 21 GHz," stated Paul Beasly, Product Manager of Mimix Broadband, Inc. "The compact 1.2 square millimeter die with wideband return loss operation is consistent with broadband use in a variety of frequency and functional applications." Company News Release

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Commentary & Perspective...

As Blue DVD Player Prices Dive GaN Suppliers Rise
Jo Ann McDonald -- Founding Editor

March 1, 2007...A significant step was taken this week by Sony, champions of the Blu-ray disc high definition DVD format. Sony announced they're lowering the price of their newest players by half. Sony's next-up BDP-S300 will cost $599, be smaller, with the same capabilities as the current model that sells for $999. As Sony and others chase the competing Toshiba camp downward in price and upward in functionality, who will be ultimate winners of the DVD battles? The same people who are winning now. The compound semi (CS) gallium nitride (GaN) blue laser supply chain, that's who!

No matter what camp they're in, all formats rely on GaN blue lasers, as originally "invented" by Nichia in the mid-1990s. And consumers love what these new high definition DVD players have produced. They're wonderful. But... they're still really expensive. The airwaves and netwaves are full of prognostications of "$X99" but all remain in triple digits. Reality is, more people currently buy their HD discs for Sony's PlayStation 3 game consoles (which are actually mini-super computers in cleverly disguised as "toys"). Stand alone players simply aren't moving as well as originally predicted. No surprise there. Kids of all ages do love their multipurpose "toys". PlayStations 3 consoles sell for $499 and $599. Sony sold 1.8 million units of those last year and they only expect to move 250,000 of the BDP-S300s in 2007. But the reality is that most people are still waiting for prices to come down even more on all these players. Anything in triple digits is still a far cry from the $29 people are now used to paying for a current gen "standard" DVD player from their corner drugstore.

No matter what the price or the format, all this adds up to good news for the CS GaN community. The DVD camps can fight all they want to for as long as they want to while, behind the scenes, compound semi solid state lasers just keep winning because those standard DVD players are driven by our community's red spectrum laser diodes and the new Blue-ray and HD DVDs are driven by blue spectrum laser diodes. Such a colorful world it is out there in systems integrator/end system user land with bright red and blue lasers driving movie watchers bonkers all over the world. It's the ideal consumer/supplier win-win scenario. As the prices come down, more people can afford to graduate up from red to blue. The laser diode device component makers score the design wins and the end users get clearer, sharper pictures on their nifty new DVD players.

Meanwhile... back down in the depths of the LD supply chain, secular news is afoot that helps enable those systems prices to go down even faster while increasing the functionality of the end design. Like clarity, lifetimes, speed of delivery and recovery, etc., etc. Of the hundreds of news items written Monday and Tuesday about Sony's price reductions, the one I liked best was in Silicon Valley's famed San Jose Mercury News by Larry Magid who actually got to test the new Sony player. "I just tested a product that I love, but there's no way that I'd recommend it unless you have more money than you know what to do with," said Larry in his lead. (Ref: article)

That observation allowed me to reflect on what our CS community is doing to help get those pricetags down. Obviously, our starting materials and blue spectrum LD devices are a critical factor in the equation. And perhaps not so obviously, we're doing quite a bit, as demonstrated by just two recent industry news items in our CompoundSemi News pages. The first came from Nichia (ref: Feb. 21 news) which recently achieved a major new performance milestone for their proprietary blue spectrum pulsed LDs, which boils down to increased speed and lifetime. Nichia achieved a plus 10X record speed for a double-layer disc, and more than 2X record speed for a quad-layer disc. Estimated lifetimes exceeded 10,000 hours, and it was stable for an actual time period of over 1000 hours at 320 mW pulsed operation at 80 degrees Celsius case temperature. In layperson terms, that equates to increased functionality for the end system. They also hinted that they'd be stepping up production quotas. Nichia's blue spectrum LDs have pretty much dominated the Blu-ray and HD DVD field to date.

The other news item came from Aonex and Kyma. According to their Feb. 26 news, Aonex Technologies Inc. of Pasadena, California USA, the majority of which is owned by Arrowhead Research Corporation, has entered into a collaborative agreement with our old friends at Kyma Technologies Inc. of Raleigh, North Carolina USA. The agreement's goal is to help reduce the production cost of devices such as blue spectrum laser diodes as well as GaN-based blue spectrum LEDs and high-efficiency solar cells. Kyma is a leader in the development of native GaN substrates (the "holy grail" of GaN, so to speak). Aonex will provide Kyma with its proprietary A-Sapph wafer technology and then Kyma will work to leverage the superior properties of A-Sapph to produce large-area wafers suitable for the manufacture of GaN devices. A-Sapph substrates are comprised of an ultra-thin layer of single crystal sapphire (< 500 nm) that is bonded to a polycrystalline aluminum nitride support substrate.

The collaboration should ultimately reduce the cost of GaN-based devices rather dramatically by enabling a significant increase in the number of chips per wafer while substantially improving yields. High volume production of devices such as blue/violet lasers for DVDs has led to somewhat under-reported "shortages and delays" of popular products such as the Sony PlayStation 3. Kyma's president/CEO, Dr. Keith Evans (who, by the way, is a co-chair for our CS Vision 2007 in June in Austin, Texas) said about the collaboration that “We are delighted to work with the Aonex team. The combined attributes of Aonex’s A-Sapph substrate technology and Kyma’s proprietary high growth rate, low defect density GaN crystal growth technology have great potential to reduce the costs of a broad range of high performance nitride semiconductor devices."

Couple the above items with other recent news of "non-polar" GaN blue spectrum laser diode breakthroughs by that stellar UC Santa Barbara team of Shuji Nakamura, Steve DenBaars, and James Speck with their nifty 405 nm LDs, and other non-polar GaN substrate news including that from Cermet, and you see that it all adds up to what's starting to look like the kind of progress that helps bring down the cost of the end systems. And that should make ultimate customers of Sony and Toshiba happier, because the end systems will, indeed, become less expensive. Our CS wide bandgap community, which includes all the underlying materials and equipment needed to produce top quality substrates and devices, is doing all they can to help reduce the cost of the blue spectrum laser diodes that are driving the next gen DVD players. That's but one topic of major discussion we'll be having at CS Vision 2007, by the way. So keep up the good work. Share your progress and prognostications with your peers at CS Vision June 19th & 20th. While the DVD price wars appear to be far from over, all the CS suppliers appear to remain winners.

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