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Editorial: Everything Old is New Again
 
... People always want to know... "What's the next big thing in the compounds?" They know we've conquered the future problem of how to reform the lighting industry. That's easy... with our compound semi-based high brightness and blue spectrum advanced LEDs. And while there's much to still be accomplished in...
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Cree Revenue Falls, But New Products Begin Brisk Sales in Q2 Fiscal 2007

January 19, 2007...Cree Inc. of Durham, North Carolina USA reported a 16 percent revenue decrease for the second quarter of fiscal 2007 ending December 24, 2006, compared to the same period a year ago. Profit for the quarter declined about 6.8 percent compared to a year ago. For the first half of fiscal 2007, the company’s revenues decreased by 8 percent compared to the first half of fiscal 2006. Net income for the first half of the fiscal year dropped about 24 percent, despite being bolstered by the sale of marketable securities.

In the conference call following the release of the company’s financial results, Cree’s president and CEO, Chuck Swoboda cited slower LED chip sales as the reason for the decline in revenue. “The LED slowdown was primarily due to lower sales of our mid brightness chip products for mobile phones and other applications,” Swoboda said. Content continues for LIGHTimes SecondPage members...

NL Nanonsemiconductor Becomes Innolume; Delves into Silicon Photonics
CompoundSemi News Staff

January 19, 2007...NL Nanosemiconductor, a company that specializes in quantum dot semiconductor laser technology based in Dortmond, Germany, announced that it is changing its name to “Innolume.” The company also announced that it has added to its management team to develop silicon photonics at its new facility in Santa Clara, California USA.

Innolume reported advances in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) using quantum dot technology for the 1.3Cm spectral range. SOAs boosts optical signals that have traveled long distances and attenuated through fiber. The company’s new device is based on an AlGaAs/GaAs laminated structure grown on a GaAs substrate. It incorporates an efficient InAs/InGaAs quantum dot active region. The company points out that previously, quantum dot-based SOAs could not compete against InP-based SOAs in terms of net gain and gain saturation. Innolume has demonstrated a significant improvement in the operation of QD-based SOAs with a fiber-to-fiber small signal gain as high as 25 dB and a saturation output power at -3dB in excess of 10 dBm. The device uses Innloume’s proprietary quantum-dot technology platform which has been previously used for development of advanced mode-locked lasers, broadband lasers, and high-power lasers. Company News Release

CIR Says Silicon Photonics Will Go into VOAs and Reduce Ethernet Cost
CompoundSemi News Staff

January 19, 2007...CIR, a company which reports on the optoelectronic market, will released a new report about silicon photonics in February. CIR’s report predicts that the use of silicon photonics will grow, despite that it may never reach the performance of compound semiconductors in optoelectronics. The report notes that high performance silicon photonics may never be able to match the power and optical integration of the indium phosphide (InP) and gallium arsenide (GaAs) optical components. CIR said that the ability to use standard CMOS technology was one major factor that would drive down the cost of silicon photonics. CIR says the adoption of silicon photonics will start with the deployment of silicon waveguides for VOAs, and it will increase with the technology’s ability to greatly reduce the cost of 10 Gig Ethernet while improving data transmission rates and connection speeds. CIR News Release

Kyma Awarded New DOD Development Contract for Native GaN Substrate Device Technology
CompoundSemi News Staff

January 16, 2007...The United States Department of Defense (DOD) has awarded Kyma Technologies of Raleigh, North Carolina USA, a $3.3 million mult-year contract to develop high-power high frequency electronic device technology. The contract, which draws some of its funding from both the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), hopes to utilize the company’s low defect density native GaN substrates to develop and advance high-power high frequency (HPHF) electronic device technology for applications such as: radar, electronic warfare, communications, and optoelectronic systems critical to the DOD. (“Native GaN substrates” refers to single crystal GaN substrates that are sliced from crystalline boules of GaN.) Kyma points out that the new contract leverages the achievements and plans of several of the company’s ongoing cooperative research and development agreements with the AFRL, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and several MDA small business innovative research programs (SBIRs) and small business technology transfer research programs (STTRs) (Ref: NRL Coverage, AFRL Coverage, MDA Coverage).

Mr. John Blevins of AFRL’s Materials Directorate is the technical monitor of the new program, while Dr. Drew Hanser, Kyma’s CTO and VP Business Development, is the principal investigator. “While today’s HPHF GaN device technology has reached impressive performance levels, reliability issues remain which we believe are tied to the current reliance on foreign substrates. Kyma’s native GaN has the potential to solve these problems by enabling a higher quality device active region. Our overall approach is to use the best materials possible, prove out the device benefits, while working in parallel to make these materials more readily available,” said Hanser.

Dr. Keith Evans, Kyma’s president and CEO, added, “This program represents an important contribution to our mission to provide our customers with a range of best-in-class III-nitride products. We are thankful for the vision and the support of our DoD colleagues and are dedicated to making this a successful effort.” Kyma News Release

Spire's Bandwidth Awarded Nasa Contract
CompoundSemi News Staff

January 16, 2007...NASA’s John Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio USA, has awarded Spire Corporation a $600,000 contract to develop a new type of thermo photovoltaic (TPV) cell that produces electricity from heat. In theory, NASA could use TPV cells to generate electricity from heat produced by radioisotope sources for long duration space missions. Potential consumer applications include using heat from combustion to produce electricity.

According to Spire, the work will be carried out in part at its wholly owned subsidiary, Bandwidth Semiconductor. Bandwidth Semiconductor reportedly already offers gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar concentrator cells for converting the sun’s energy to electricity. Bandwidth Semiconductor says it has over ten years of experience producing cells like these TPV cells, which use indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), a variation of GaAs. Spire News Release

SatCon Awarded Subcontract in DARPA Diode Battery Project
CompoundSemi News Staff

January 15, 2007...SatCon Technology, a maker and developer of power electronics of Boston, Massachusetts USA, reports that it was awarded a $208 thousand subcontract from North Dakota State University (NDSU) to design electronics for an advanced Diode Battery. NDSU was contracted through a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) contract to develop a Micro-Isotope Power Supply. NDSU has subcontracted SatCon Technology to design power conditioning and management for the battery devices that NDSU is producing. Other collaborators on the team include: experts from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Battelle Pacific Northwest Division (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory), and the Naval Research Laboratory.

According to SatCon the goal of the program is to develop a one cubic centimeter AlphaVoltaic (AV) battery that can deliver 35 milliwatts continuously for many months to many years. SatCon explained in its news release that the principle of the operation is very similar to photovoltaics (PV) with the radioisotope the source of energy rather than the sun. The AlphaVoltaic is designed for higher energy excitation, using wider bandgap materials than photovoltaics. SatCon also said that batteries like these could be used to power unattended sensors for applications such as perimeter defense networks and other broader applications. SatCon's Chief Executive Officer, Dave Eisenhaure stated, "The company is poised for substantial growth in alternative energy solutions and advanced technology for energy and power management. We believe such development programs will advance the state of the art in energy storage - critical for the widespread adoption of alternative energy technologies. This contract underscores our leadership in supplying power conversion products in a new and growing market for advanced power solutions." SatCon News Release

RFMD Releases GaAs pHEMT RF Switches
CompoundSemi News Staff

January 15, 2007...RF Micro Devices showcased its newest RF switches last week at the IEEE Radio and Wireless conference in Long Beach, California USA, January 9-11. According to RFMD, the RF1200 and the RF1450 utilize the company’s gallium arsenide manufacturing capability and switch technology for the company’s transmit modules in applications including: multi-mode GSM / WCDMA cellular handsets, antenna tuners, IEEE802.11a/b/g WLAN and cellular infrastructure.

Reportedly meeting all the linearity requirements for WCDMA, the RF1200 is a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) high-power switch that features low insertion loss, low control voltage and what RFMD says are very good harmonic characteristics. It is fabricated with 0.5um GaAs pHEMT process and is packaged in a very compact 2X2mm, 6-pin, leadless QFN package. The RF1450, designed for multimode WCDMA applications, is a single-pole four-throw (SP4T) high-power switch specifically designed to provide what RFMD contends is superior linearity performance. It includes integrated decoding logic, allowing just two control lines needed for switch control. It is packaged in a compact 3X3X0.6mm, 16-pin, leadless QFN package. Company News Release

Xponent Photonics Goes Fabless With Help From GCS
CompoundSemi News Staff

January 15, 2007...Global Communication Semiconductors (GCS), Inc. of Torrence, California USA and Xponent Photonics, Inc. have signed a foundry service agreement in which GCS will manufacture Xponent’s product portfolio. Under the agreement GCS will utilize its proprietary laser and PIN PD (positive intrinsic negative photo diode) processes to manufacture Xponent’s product portfolio.

GCS will use high-volume 4-inch wafer manufacturing techniques to produce the optical component portfolio for Xponent. Xponent produces a wide range of opto-electronic components including: triplexer and diplexer FTTx components, transmitter optical subassemblies (TOSA), fiber ready optical assemblies (FROA), and fiber aligned packages. Xponent says it uses translates the complexity found in traditional optical assemblies into surface mounted photonics. According to Xponent, these SMP chips are designed for low cost manufacturing criteria such as: waferscale fabrication, test and burn-in of Surface Mount Photonics chips; low-cost assembly using passive alignment on flip-chip die bonders (i.e. no active laser welding or other active alignments required); Environmental sealing with simple encapsulant. No hermetic packaging is required. Xponent says its goal is to become a broad-based horizontal supplier of merchant optical assemblies and chipsets.

"We're pleased to be working with GCS. They have an outstanding track record of success with fabrication of state-of-the-art InP and GaAs devices and are right on target with the technology transfer," said Jeff Rittichier, President and CEO of Xponent. "With the completion of the GCS transfer in late winter, Xponent will be the world's only completely fabless volume producer of optical components." GCS News Release

Raytheon Reaches Milestone in Testing GaN Circuit Lifetime
CompoundSemi News Staff

January 11, 2007...Raytheon reported achieving a testing milestone for gallium nitride semiconductor technology. Ratheon’s Integrated Defense Systems division developed GaN semiconductor circuits which recently went through a strenuous 8,000 hours of operational testing. The monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) for military radar, communications, electronic warfare, and missile systems, went through testing conducted at elevated temperatures and more extreme operating conditions to simulate performance over about 80,000. According to Raytheon, this equates to more than nine years of non-stop normal operation. Raytheon says it plans to continue accumulating test hours on the circuits into 2007. The company also will run concurrent testing into 2007.

According to Raytheon, GaN semiconductors offer substantially improved power and functionality beyond current semiconductor technologies. They operate at higher voltage levels allowing significantly greater power output for the same size chip. Additionally, the material characteristics of GaN semiconductors allow efficient multi-band or wideband operation. Raytheon pointed out that GaN technology used in radar can reduce the antenna size by half while more than doubling the search volume. This improves the radar's transportability and reduces acquisition and lifecycle costs. Company News Release

Digi-Key Agrees to Distribute Cree’s SiC Power Electronics

January 11, 2007...Cree Inc. of Durham North Carolina USA, and Digi-Key Corporation of Thief River Falls, Minnesota signed a global distribution agreement for Cree’s silicon carbide-based power devices. Cree, a maker of silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors, uses the material in power electronics, solid state lighting, and communications. SiC is ideal for high power and high frequency devices because of its strength and its ability to dissipate extreme heat.

Digi-Key Corporation will add Cree’s power electronics devices to its print and online catalogs which already include a range of Schottky diodes. Digic-Key stocks and sells electronic devices directly to customers. The Schottky diodes, which Digi-Key stocks, range from 300V to 1200V and have current ratings from 1A to 20A. Cree said that the distribution agreement will allow Digi-Key to fulfill both its customers’ design and quantity needs. “Cree’s expertise in silicon carbide brings greater energy performance to a number of power applications, including power factor correction in personal computer and laptop power supplies,” said Mark Larson, Digi-Key president and CEO. “We are very pleased to add Cree to our line card and certain that its products will be of consequential interest to many of our customers.” Cree News Release

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Commentary & Perspective...

Everything Old is New Again

January 17, 2007...People always want to know... "What's the next big thing in the compounds?" They know we've conquered the future problem of how to reform the lighting industry. That's easy... with our compound semi-based high brightness and blue spectrum advanced LEDs. And while there's much to still be accomplished in the solid state lighting (SSL) field with these magical miniature lights, there aren't really many techno surprises in store anymore. The main name of SSL game is "get the manufacturing costs down... and fast!" But beyond LEDs for solid state lighting and purification and medical applications, etc., what are the next big things in the compounds?

Since nobody has "invented" a new material combo in quite some time, you might guess right if you look at new twists to materials and techniques that have been around awhile. One of the most interesting articles I've read in some time was a feature interviewing everybody's pal (including ours), Laura Rea, who was recently featured in an article in Compound Semiconductor magazine. As the key person at the EOM branch of the Air Force Research Labs (AFRL) in Dayton, Ohio, Laura Rea has risen to become one of the most important shaker-movers in the USA's Department of Defense (DoD). She's always been a woman of her word. And the words author Robert Metzger got out of her are well worth driving home to our international readership. The article is titled: US Military Plays the Integration Game, which IOP has kindly made available to Internet readers by clicking the above link. It's a highly recommended read. You even get a chance to see Laura's good looking face in the article (looking good, kid!)

Laura did an excellent job outlining to Bob (and he did an excellent job conveying it) what the DoD is currently supporting (the wide bandgap semiconductors, primarily GaN) and what they're looking at next (the antimonides, ZnO and diamond). What caught my attention especially was what Laura has learned over the decades about the facts of the natural life of semiconductors. I've known Laura since she entered the business and pride myself that even though she calls herself an "old timer" in the article, in fact, she's always dubbed me "Mom." So by highlighting her observations and wisdom, I hope to add a little motherly advice.

The antimonides, ZnO and diamond material science technologies have been around for decades. I remember when each were declared officially "dead", especially in the eyes of the DoD. These technologies came to brightest light in the 1980s when there was only a green light on military spending. In the 1990s, when the country first went broke overspending and the brakes were put on spending, there wasn't a month that went by when DoD program managers at AFRL, DARPA, the Missile Defense Agency (MDA, formerly BDMO) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) complained that they had to "drown another favorite puppy" because there simply no longer was enough funding available to continue such breadth and depth of compound semi-based research and development. The USA faces a similar tightening now that a bit of balance has been restored to the branches of government, and everyone's better off preparing for it early. What Laura said in the article that brings home the main message is... "Materials technology has advanced and we need to bear in mind that new approaches may solve old problems."

The DoD and the commercial world it has to compliment if any reasonable funding is to be thrown its way in the future, is headed in the direction it has always been headed when it comes to semiconductor R&D. The DoD and the general marketplace wants and needs devices that not only have increased functionality, but can handle multiple functions. The DoD and the general marketplace wants and needs components that are smaller, and the more functions you can fit on one tiny chip, the better. That's always been the direction in which advanced semiconductors have moved, and it will continue to be that way. And when anyone says they want "silicon-like manufacturing" the term really means "low cost manufacturing." So the companies to keep an eye on are those that don't necessarily have something "new" to tout so much as something smarter, smaller and cheaper. As Laura put it in the article, "We need products that can carry out some level of silicon-like processing, and are able to communicate and execute some level of sensing. In other words, we are talking about a component that that can see, talk and think."

That sounds like we're aiming at replacing human chores and capabilities. No surprise there. And our industry is fully equipped to provide just that. You can bet that the mission of the compounds is to continue to do what silicon can't do. And watching precisely where silicon is going and what barriers it hits remains key. Why? Because it's what the compound semi industry does... and has always done.

Silicon can't do small, high powered lasers. Silicon devices can't transmit light very well. Thus, solid state lasers and advanced LEDs are our domain. No bets needed. Just get the manufacturing costs down where people can afford to move to solid state light emitting devices. And when it comes to solar, advanced sensors, power electronics, etc., etc... simply keep your eye on the moving target (silicon) and start looking backwards at which compounds did what in their initial proof of concept stage in decades past, before they became drown puppies. Then give them a little CPR (compound precious resuscitation), breathe a few new ideas and approaches into them, spit out the minnows and dry them off, and see if you can get them to wag their tails in a fresh new direction. If so, they'll surely lick your face in appreciation and maybe, just maybe, the resuscitated puppies will help take you on a happy stroll to the bank.

If you have news or views to share about the compound semiconductor, LED or solid state lighting industries
contact our Publisher, Tom Griffiths
His direct tel in Austin is +1-512-257-9888

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