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Editorial: Foxes Prefer the Lights Be Less Bright
 
... Does the brightness of our compound semi (CS) and solid state lighting (SSL) industries' blue LED indicator lights on computers and on the little black or gray boxes strewn around your home office ever bother you at night? Do you find yourself putting duct tape over them so you...
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Kyma Catches Another Wave of MDA Backing for Native GaN

March 8, 2006...Kyma Technologies continues its efforts to help spearhead the utilization of native GaN starting material in a wide variety of applications. The Raleigh, North Carolina USA-based company's efforts recently received additional backing by the DoD's Missile Defense Agency (MDA) in the form of multiple SBIR/STTR program support to continue and expand Kyma's leading edge work in growing low defect density native GaN crystals. Kyma was selected for two new Phase I SBIR projects under MDA's direction, which closely follow Kyma’s win of a new Phase II STTR effort in October (company news release)which was also under the MDA SBIR/STTR program. Each of these focus on continued development of native GaN materials and devices and are driven by the potential of native GaN to enable critical advances in next generation military radar systems. Not only are native GaN crystals deemed critical to advancing military radar, but they are being seriously considered for a growing number of commercial applications, including power switching electronics, high power radio-frequency electronics, solid state lighting, optical storage (blue lasers), bioagent and chemical sensing, and ultraviolet light detection. According to Strategies Unlimited's estimates, the total market for all types of gallium nitride devices will reach $7.2 billion by 2009 (ref: news), from which Kyma estimates that, considering the diverse application areas, that the market may reach $30B by 2015.

According to Drew Hanser, company co-founder and CTO of Kyma, “These two Phase I SBIR wins and our recently awarded Phase II STTR are all associated with our continuing push to improve the size, quality, and availability of semi-insulating GaN for high-power high-frequency (HPHF) microelectronics applications. Drew pointed out that the DoD is currently developing GaN FETs for next gen X-band radar and other HPHF military apps and that Kyma believes that their native GaN has all the physical properties necessary to enable the high performance and reliability levels required for such applications. "In parallel with our materials improvement efforts, our collaboration partners are helping us pursue device level validation of the benefits of native GaN and have already shown excellent preliminary results across a broad range of device types, including APDs, FETs, laser diodes, LEDs, and Schottky diodes.” Kyma's collaboration partners include the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Auburn University, Duke University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), North Carolina State University, Penn State University Electro-Optics Center, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. More details are in the company news release and a perspective on Kyma will be the topic of an upcoming McDonald Report.

Intrinsic Debuts Zero Micropipe SiC and 100mm SiC Wafers
CompoundSemi News Staff

March 7, 2006...Intrinsic Semiconductor of Dulles, Virginia USA, a privately held wide bandgap material and device manufacturer, began shipments of silicon carbide (SiC) wafers they claim are completely free of micropipes. The company also commenced shipments of 100mm (4 inch) diameter SiC wafers. The company says that their new products will help broaden the acceptance of silicon carbide for use in next generation RF and power devices. The company contends that SiC inherently has superior characteristics to other semiconductor materials for high-power, high-frequency, and high-temperature applications. According to Intrinsic, microscopic defects called “micropipes” permeate conventionally grown SiC material. The company contends that this has slowed yield improvement and price reductions in the industry. However, Intrinsic claims that their new ZMP (Zero Micropipe) material will lead to higher yields and lower manufacturing costs. Intrinsic also pointed out that the addition of their 100mm wafers potentially doubles the number of devices per wafer over 75 mm wafers. Company News Release

Hazmat Incident at JDSU's San Jose Facility
CompoundSemi News Staff

March 6, 2006...The San Jose, California USA fire department’s hazardous materials team will be looking into an incident that occured Friday at the San Jose JDS Uniphase facility that manufactures pump laser, in which an undetermined hazardous substance (most likely a gas) was released, according to San Jose Fire Captain Michael Shaw. The hazmat incident at the opto-electronic manufacturer caused one employee to go unconscious and fourteen other employees and four fire fighters to suffer from irritated eyes, noses, and throats, the Bay City News Wire reported.

More than 12 gases are piped into the room in which the most seriously injured employee was discovered, Shaw indicated. Thirteen of the employees were taken to a local hospital, and have since been released. Two others were treated at the scene. Firefighters entered the building in fully encapsulated suits. Two of the fire fighters were treated and released from a local hospital, and two other fire fighters were taken to hospitals as a precautionary measure because of abnormal vital signs, according to Shaw. The hazardous substance, its source, and how it was released have not yet been determined, Shaw said in the report. JDSU is reportedly still set to debut many new components, modules, and subsystems at OFC/NFOEC, in Anaheim, California beginning tomorrow. Company News Release

 

RF Micro Lands Major Local Government Incentives to Expand Manufacturing in North Carolina

March 6, 2006...RF Micro of Greensboro, North Carolina USA, a maker of RF components for communications applications, has landed up to $6.5 million in incentives for expansion of its Guilford County manufacturing facility, according to Yahoo Finance and the Triangle Business Journal. The state government of North Carolina has offered up to $4.9 million in state incentives for the expansion which is expected to create about 300 jobs and infuse $80 million into the Triad economy. The company reported that Guilford County has pledged $830,000 over three years, and the city of Greensboro has agreed to similar incentives of up to $590,000. The company expects the majority of the new jobs will be highly skilled manufacturing positions that will pay an average annual salary of $52,290 plus benefits, substantially higher than the Guilford County average of $34,268. RF Micro plans to begin construction on the facility in June and expects to expand their operations beginning in fall 2006. The project is reportedly the fifth expansion in the company’s 15 years of operations in Greensboro.

Bookham to Acquire VCSEL Maker, Avalon Photonics
CompoundSemi News Staff

March 6, 2006...Optical component, module, and subsystem provider, Bookham Inc., of San Jose, California USA has signed an agreement to acquire Avalon Photonics of Zurich, Switzerland, a supplier of patent-protected single and multi-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) chips, arrays, and sub assemblies for sensing, datacom and measurement. Avalon specializes in 850nm VCSELs. Under the terms of the deal, Bookham will exchange approximately 765,000 shares of their common stock valued at approximately $5.5 million on signing. Bookham will also potentially pay an additional 348,000 share earn-out based upon Avalon achieving certain revenue and production performance criteria over a two-year period. The transaction, which is expected to close in March subject to customary closing conditions; it should not have a material effect on Bookham’s results for the quarter ending March 31, 2006. Company News Release.

In additional Bookham news, the company will debut its new integrated tunable laser assembly at OFC/NFOEC (stand no. 3013) beginning tomorrow in Anaheim, California USA. According to the company, the iTLA, utilizing the fully telcordia GR-468 qualified wideband tunable laser, based on a monolithic platform, brings tenability to long haul and regional metro applications in a design with no moving parts. Company News Release

LG, Sony, and Samsung Debut New Format DVD Products
CompoundSemi News Staff

March 6, 2006...LG Electronics of Seoul, Korea will release a hybrid player allowing both HD-DVD and Blu-ray discs, Bob Perry, VP of LG’s US sales said in a memo obtained by Gizmodo. The company introduced a Blu-ray drive at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in January. Perry said in the memo that because of “uncertainty in this early stage of the market for prerecorded high-definition optical disks, “ the device will not ship as planned this spring. Several other companies plan release of Blu-ray DVD products this spring. Among the early products, the first Blue-ray disc movies from Japanese company, Sony and an early Blu-ray DVD player from Korean company, Samsung, are set to launch May 23, Yahoo News indicated.

Emcore Debuts GPON Triplexer Product Line for FTTP Applications

March 6, 2006...Compound semiconductor component and subsystems maker, Emcore Corporation of Somerset New Jersey USA, introduced its GPON triplexer product line designed for FTTP applications. According to the company, the product line conforms to the G.984 ITU FSAN requirements. The company introduced the 9937D for single family units, the 9937M for multi-family units, and the 9937B for business and ONU applications. Emcore reports that their GPON line provide data rates of 2.488Gbps downstream, and 1.244Gbps upstream --the maximum speeds defined by the ITU-T G.984 standards and FSAN recommendations. Company News Release

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Commentary & Perspective...

Foxes Prefer the Lights Be Less Bright

March 1, 2006...Does the brightness of our compound semi (CS) and solid state lighting (SSL) industries' blue LED indicator lights on computers and on the little black or gray boxes strewn around your home office ever bother you at night? Do you find yourself putting duct tape over them so you don't feel like they're doing something they shouldn't be when they're supposed to be "resting?" Do those intense violet/white LEDs in "modern" decorative and architectural lighting make you feel like a fox caught in an auto's headlights on a country highway? High brightness LEDs have their obvious and very applaudable applications, but what about the softer, more subtle blue and white lights? Who's producing those... and how are they doing it? And who's making a serious attempt at commercializing UV LEDs these days?

I really liked the original blue LEDs made in pre-GaN days. I saw them first in elevators. Nice color. Soft. Subtle. They helped make you patient, which comes in handy when in an elevator. Everything seems to have gone high intensity lately (including the business scene), with an emphasis on squeezing as much of the light out of the die as possible while eliminating most of the profit on the other end, transferring even more squeeze onto the suppliers. And there doesn't seem to be nearly as much focus on UV LEDs as I thought there'd be by this time. Perhaps if there'd been more production of more subtle blue, white and efficient UV LEDs, the market revenue numbers might still be in double digits. We'd also have more of those gentle blues and whites warming our nights, and more UV LEDs fielded into medical, curing, and purification applications.

On the occasion of the release of news that their 15mm epi-ready AlN substrates are on the market (ref: March 1, 2006 coverage), I had the pleasure of getting to know The Fox Group better. They're obviously really into aluminum. In addition to their new aluminum nitride (AlN) substrates, which are moving out of their Deer Park, New York doors in the USA, The Fox Group has AlGaN-based emitters in production in their Canadian facility. These are then being packaged in Asia. Seems that, if you want to make your blue spectrum LEDs really bright, you use indium (In) and you grow them, exacting layer by careful layer, in MOCVD reactors. If you want to make them less expensively and grow the die faster... and you're after color consistency rather than brightness, you turn to the method called HVPE. Principals from The Fox Group and Technologies and Devices International Inc. (TDI) in Silver Springs, Maryland USA wrote a paper about the HVPE process, which TDI licenses to The Fox Group, back in Dec. of 2004 for IOP's CS magazine. You can access it online under the title: HVPE offers alternative route to AlGaN-based UV emitters. Note the heavy-hitting author names of: TDI's Vladimir Dmitriev and Alexander Usikov, and Heikki Helava and Barney O'Meara of The Fox Group.

While The Fox Group has been putting their R&D team to work for five long years, they only recently came on my radar screen. Typical of teams spread over various physical locations, they've been doing excellent, creative R&D, but they weren't really very proactive... until now. Then again, when you're in R&D mode for longer than you may have originally anticipated, it's not a bad idea to stay "below the radar" until you're actually shipping products. The Fox Group was cofounded by Heikki Helava, who serves now as CTO. Many of you may know Heikki from his years at AXT in the 1990s. He's a great technologist, writer, and cheerleader for all things nitride related.

Not only is Fox licensing the LED growth technology from Vladimir Dmitriev's group at TDI, but Fox also has other outstanding Russians on their strategic team who originally hailed from Ioffee Institute. Vladimir was one of the original three group leaders at Ioffee, and his team became Cree's Eastern European division before forming TDI. Note that the names, headed by Yury Alexandrovich Vodakov, are listed on the key USA patents cited in the March 1, 2006 coverage. What I like best about Fox's approach to blue LEDs is that they're not competing with the big guns who are going after the usual SSL holy grails. They're focusing on the not-so-bright blues and are setting their sights towards the mainstream UV-LED applications, using what they feel is a practical, aluminum-based production method.

HVPE, as championed for years by TDI, stands for Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy. Like MOCVD, it sometimes goes by other names (in the case of MOCVD, "OMVPE" and "MOVPE" are also used). HVPE is sometimes called Chloride Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy. It's a mature, low-cost epitaxial technique that uses HCl (hydrogen chloride) gas flowing over hot Group III metals to form metal chlorides. The metal chlorides react with Group V metal hydrides to form III-V compounds. In the case of GaN (gallium nitride) the "metal" hydride is NH3 (ammonia). I'm told HVPE isn't as precisely controllable as MOCVD, but when you're not going for the high brightness, MOCVD isn't all that necessary. What you get with HVPE, according to the experts, is excellent color consistency and color stability. Vladimir gave a presentation of the process at one of our 101 workshops, which is still available on video.

The Fox Group's key is in the use of aluminum instead of indium, and according to Fox, aluminum is what gets you to UV's desired wavelengths of 350 to 365nm. I wrote about the UV opportunities in a McD Report last March, titled "Water Water Everywhere" following an inspiring presentation by GE's Michael Sutsko at our Wide Bandgap Business Opportunities Workshop in December at CS Outlook (the precursor to CS Vision, which we'll be holding in April 27/28 2006 in Vancouver BC). I encourage you to re-read Water Water Everywhere where you can learn more about this promising field. And then, like The Fox Group, give me a call and let me know if your team is climbing on the not-so-bright blue and/or the UV LED bandwagon.

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