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Editorial: Hurricane Heroes: NOAA Weather Forecasters
 
... Being based in Texas, which recently got hit almost as hard as its neighbor state, Louisiana, we'd like to thank everyone for their concern over how we fared during Hurricane Rita, which followed closely on the heels of Katrina. We had many phone calls and emails from colleagues and...
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Intel and Microsoft Join Ranks of HD DVD Proponents
CompoundSemi News Staff

September 28, 2005...Chip making giant, Intel, and software trendsetter, Microsoft have chosen to support the HD DVD standard. The HD DVD standard put forth by Toshiba, NEC, and Sanyo started out with a 15 GB capacity and has increased now to 30 GB. Initial estimates were that two hours of HD video would require around 15 GB of memory. So far, HD DVD has proven 30GB capacity while currently, Blu-ray only delivered 25 GB outside of the lab, half of what proponents promised, according to HD DVD supporters. "HD DVD format is extremely important for the development of both the PC and AV markets, as it fulfills the needs of PC applications requiring high-capacity data and AV applications that require the recording and playback of high definition images," said Hiroshi Gokan, NEC's Executive General Manager of Computers Storage Products Operations Unit. "We are fully confident that Intel and Microsoft's affiliation with the HD DVD Promotion Group will significantly contribute to the propulsion and penetration of the HD DVD format."

Both formats said they would develop a standard that supports playing of both current DVDs and their next generation standards. Thus far, only HD DVD has delivered. Also, HD DVD proponents point to its lower production costs and the much higher factory upgrade costs of Sony’s Blu-ray technology. "The capacity for volume production of HD DVD discs is already in place, and the content industry has great expectations of HD DVD as the key product to sustain the growth of the next-generation audio-visual software market," said Shiroharu Kawasaki, President and CEO of Memory-Tech. "We welcome the participation of Intel and Microsoft as further enhancing HD DVD's potential applications." Microsoft has chosen the HD DVD standard perhaps in part because it supports iHD interactivity standard that uses extensible markup language (XML), a text based computer language for showing data. Microsoft’s new operating system,, Vista uses XML. The Blu-ray technology does not support the iHD interactivity standard. HD DVD Promotion Group News Release

IXYS Increases Production High Power Compound Semi Products in Wake of Hurricanes
CompoundSemi News Staff

September 28, 2005...Power compound semi company, IXYS of Santa Clara, California USA, has increased production of its MOS and Bipolar modules as demand for personal alternative electrical power sources surges as a direct result of the recent hurricanes and power outages they have caused. IXYS says it is one of the few semiconductor companies that supplies all the required semiconductor components to convert energy into AC electric power using the variety of alternative electrical power options available to the public including gas powered generators, solar PV, and wind turbines. Additionally the company produces insulated (or sometimes called isolated) gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and polar field effect transistor (FET) technology for both backup and “uninterruptible” power supplies. The company has also seen greatly increased demand for these products in light of the recent natural disasters. With increasing gasoline prices, demand for “green” and “uninterruptible” electricity will likely increase significantly. Some experts predict double digit growth rates. IXYS which will likely benefit from this trend, says it will “continue to focus its sights on serving this market in a leadership position.”

"We are moving very quickly to provide fast delivery of our products to OEM customers around the world in order to meet the demand for portable generators and other industrial equipment such as soft-start controllers and motor generator sets," stated Dan Schwob, Senior VP of Marketing and Business Development. "The unfortunate natural disasters of the last 20 months again highlight the importance of alternative sources of electricity as well as back-up sources of energy, like uninterruptible power supplies." Company News Release

Dr. Shuji Nakamura and UCSB Team Develop Novel GaN Films for More Efficient LEDs and Laser Diodes
Scott McMahan

September 27, 2005...Blue LED breakthrough artist, Dr. Shuji Nakamura and his team of researchers from the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) have made significant advances in producing both nonpolar and semipolar GaN crystal films that the team hopes will significantly improve the efficiency of blue LEDs and diode lasers. The research is part of the ERATO program which gets funding from the Japanese Science and Technology Corporation (JST). Within the program researchers from UCSB, the University of Tsukuba, and the University of Tokyo are collaborating in the development of next generation gallium nitride semiconductors. What makes the development of these novel GaN crystal films important is that certain planes of the hexagonal GaN crystal structure can have less or even none of the electric fields which hinder the proper recombination of electrons and holes to make light, which as the researchers point out is the whole purpose of having quantum wells at all.

Devices on nonpolar and semipolar GaN crystals films have the following potential benefits, including: higher quantum well recombination efficiency;, higher p-type doping efficiency;, lower turn-on voltage or threshold current density; and polarized light emission from LEDs. Semipolar planes, as the name implies, have partial polarity under most circumstances. If arranged properly however, quantum wells on semipolar planes may have zero net electrical fields, just as those of on the nonpolar planes do. The researcher found that the p-typed doped layers, the positive part of the light emitting device, have lower resistance with the new crystal structure. Less resistance may lead to less heating and therefore more efficiency. Extended Feature For Subscribers

Anidigics Introduces HELP2 PAs

September 28, 2005...Anadigics of Warren, New Jersey USA, has introduced a new generation of High-Efficiency-at-Low-Power power amplifiers (PAs) for Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol applications. The company’s second generation HELP (HELP2) CDMA PAs use InGaP Plus technology, integrating bipolar and field effect transistor (FET) structures on the same die. The PAs boast what the company touts as industry leading efficiency especially at low and mid-range power levels where the PA typically operates in handsets. Therefore, it dramatically increases handset talk-time and standby-time. The company says that the level of integration and performance eliminates the requirements for external voltage regulation. Additionally, the 3mm by 3 mm HELP2 CDMA PAs are footprint compatible with the company’s 4mm by 4mm PAs.

"Next-generation mobile phones are being designed to deliver an unprecedented level of multimedia services as consumers continue to demand greater functionality. Our innovative HELP technology allows handset designers to extend battery life in support of advanced multimedia features," stated Dr. Ali Khatibzadeh, Senior Vice President and General Manager of Wireless Products at Anadigics. "Through the introduction of HELP2 CDMA power amplifiers, customers can further decrease bill of materials cost, minimize space requirements, and reduce time-to-market." Company News Release

 

Laser News Update
CompoundSemi News Staff

September 26, 2005...Fujitsu has reportedly adopted Intel’s full-band tunable VCSEL laser for its next-generation tunable transponders. Intel points out that tunable lasers simplify network reconfiguration, and allow parts manufacturers and carriers to have fewer different kinds of parts on hand. According to Intel, its tunable laser can replace up to 80 single-band lasers. In addition, tunable lasers can remotely switch wavelengths, in response to network bandwidth demands. “Intel’s full-band tunable laser is unique because it’s designed with no moving parts, providing higher performance along with increased reliability,” said Gary Wiseman, general manager, Intel’s Optical Platform Division. Intel News Release

In related news, Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign demonstrated room-temperature operation of a heterojunction bipolar transistor laser. The scientists describe their work in the Sept. 26 issue of the journal Applied Physics Letters. Room-temperature transistor lasers "could facilitate faster signal processing, large capacity seamless communications, and higher performance electrical and optical integrated circuits," said Milton Feng, the Holonyak Chair Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Illinois. University of Illinois News Release

Optnext has introduced three new VCSEL laser diodes with low driving current and low aspect ratio models for collimator applications. The company says that the laser diodes are suitable suitable for levelers, bar code scanners, measuring instruments, medical equipment, and similar high performance systems Optnext News Release

Princeton University engineer, Clair Gmachl was selected as a 2005 the Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Fellow. The award, informally known as the "Genius Grant" of $500,000 of unrestricted funding over a 5-year period, was awarded to Dr. Gmachl for her research and pioneering work in studying, improving performance, and developing new types of quantum cascade lasers. Dr. Gmachl says she will use the money to fund cutting edge research that otherwise would be hard to get funding for. "It will go toward more far out, risky research," she said. "It gives my group and me the means to try out really new stuff. This award allows us to really follow our interests and try out different things." Princeton University News Story

Rohm and Haas Electric Materials Devises Germanium Film Growth Process
CompoundSemi News Staff

September 23, 2005...Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials of North Andover, Massachusetts USA and the Laboratory for Photonics and Nanonstructrues (LPN) at CNRS, Marcoussis, France have devised an new process to grow germanium films on germanium at low temperatures in a MOCVD reactor, according to a report from III-Vs Review. The work is reportedly targeting Ge/III-V hetero devices, and the researchers hope to advance the integration of compoundsemi devices on silicon and other substrates. The breakthrough was presented at the ACCGE-16 at the Big Sky Resort in Montana in the USA. Using the new and less toxic precursor isobutylgermane, the group at LPN-CNRS demonstrated the growth of high quality germanium films at temperatures as low 500C. The low growth temperature and the new precursor are expected to virtually eliminate a memory effect of germanium in the III-V material.

Many researchers have hoped that Germanium which has about three times the electron mobility of silicon, could lead to faster transistor switching times. Electrical engineers have also developed a process for combining high-K oxides with both silicon and germanium. This could be important for integrating compoundsemi and silicon devices. However, Germanium's small bandgap results in greater electrical leakage than silicon. Stanford's Center for Integrated Systems has been studying the feasibility of using germanium, and it has received aid from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

Shuji Nakamura Reports New GaN Crystal Structures for More Efficient LEDs
LIGHTimes Staff

September 22, 2005...A research team led by the blue spectrum LED and laser diode breakthrough artist, Shuji Nakamura, has announced the development of a gallium nitride (GaN) crystal structure perhaps allowing brighter and more efficient LEDs, according to an article from Nikkei Net Interactive. Dr. Nakamura, who is a professor and researcher now at the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), reported the findings at a recent news conference in Tokyo. Content continues for LIGHTimes SecondPage members...

Cree Offers 100mm SiC Substrates to Civilians
CompoundSemi News Staff

September 22, 2005...Cree, which has been developing 100mm (4-inch) silicon carbide (SiC) substrates for DARPA for some time now (Ref: 2003 article), has announced that it will take orders from civilian companies for its n-type 100mm SiC substrates and epitaxial materials. While the company is not new to the production of 100mm substrates, its standard is still the 75mm (3-inch) SiC substrates. The idea of switching to 100mm (4-inch) substrates is to allow the production of more circuits per wafer and thereby lowering the cost of production.

According to the company, Cree's ability to produce single crystal SiC in the larger 100 mm format allows customers to potentially double the number of devices produced per wafer compared with current production on 3-inch material. The increase is possible because the surface area of the wafer is almost doubled, and the required distance between circuit structures and the wafer’s edges remains the same. Therefore, the unused space makes up a lower percentage of the wafer surface area. Add this to the reduced cost of production per circuit for the larger wafers, and it is easy to see the benefits of the larger size.

"Cree's launch of 100 mm substrates and epitaxy establishes that SiC can be a high volume, production-oriented material within the semiconductor industry. It demonstrates Cree's technology and commitment to develop material products targeted to the needs of the commercial market," noted Lyn Rockas, Cree Materials general manager. "Cree would like to acknowledge the significant support received from the Army Research Laboratory and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in our efforts to develop 100 mm SiC substrates and epitaxy. We all benefit from the commercialization of this product," said John Palmour, Cree executive vice president of advanced devices.

Earlier in the month Cree was awarded a five-year $15 million contract (Ref: our coverage) from the Air Force Research Laboratory to develop processing techniques for switching from 3-inch to 100mm (4-inch) silicon carbide(SiC) microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMIC’s). Also, earlier in the year Cree completed phase I of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Initiative which included demonstrating 100 mm semi-insulating, high quality substrates, and developing epitaxial material technologies with better than plus or minus 1% composition, thickness, and doping control. Company News Release

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Commentary & Perspective...

Hurricane Heroes: NOAA Weather Forecasters

September 26, 2005...Being based in Texas, which recently got hit almost as hard as its neighbor state, Louisiana, we'd like to thank everyone for their concern over how we fared during Hurricane Rita, which followed closely on the heels of Katrina. We had many phone calls and emails from colleagues and friends around the world. Fortunately for us, and unfortunately for others, Rita went East, and we're West. CompoundSemi Online Inc. is based in Austin and I'm based at Legacy Ranch, which is in the geographical center of the state. The worst we got in the Texas Hill Country was prolonged +100 degrees C temperatures which were produced by the sucking effect of Rita's vacuum bringing us unseasonable hot winds off the Northern Mexico, New Mexico, and Arizona deserts. We didn't get a drop of much-needed rain.

Your concern causes us all to be reminded how important NOAA weather forecasters are and of the importance of our advanced technologies as tools for those forecasters. For those of you unfamiliar with the NOAA site, simply click on www.srh.noaa.gov and take a look. In our case, it's one click from there to either San Antonio to get to the Austin weather, or San Angelo for the ranch. The ranch is located in the upper NE corner of McCulloch County near a classic Texas ghost town called Placid. Many, many evacuees arrived in nearby towns, Brady and Brownwood, to stay with friends or relatives or in hotels and campgrounds as they spread from Houston and other Gulf Coast cities that were evacuated. Among them was Carol Stewart, the wife of the former Police Chief of Brady. Carol and Chief John Stewart are good friends of ours. John is now the Police Chief of Port Lavaca and he obviously had to stay and hold down the fort, which wasn't easy thanks to Rita.

There are many heroes in times of disaster. Police personnel, like Chief John, firefighters (how well we know as my husband and I helped establish the volunteer fire department in Placid... which is how we like to see our area: placid.), Red Cross workers, the many professional and highly trained rescue units that come in to help, etc. But of the official US government agencies, in my opinion, NOAA weather forecasters did their usual tremendous job. Too bad more people didn't heed their warnings or they wouldn't have been caught with their guards down during the recent devastating hurricanes.

The key to being prepared, using NOAA's guidance, is to read the forecast discussions. When you do, you feel as though you actually know the people doing the forecasting. These are superb scientists and good human beings working in a very important field of scientific expertise. They should have state of the art tools at their disposal... and hopefully they do. If any of you have compound semi or SSL-based products that are going into NOAA's systems, please let us know so we can help publicize them and call attention to these good works, and what goes into making those predictions so dependable.

We know that satelites that operate in visible, IR, UV, along with their power systems (solar cells) are involved, and their communications systems, which all depend on the compounds. RADAR, doppler etc. typically depend on the compounds. The response teams using their communications and FLIR and night-vision equipment all depend on the compounds. Cellphones, flashlights that last a long time and, the optical communications that make up the backbone of the Internet depend on the compounds. But what more? Details???

Let me share with you the story of one brave forecaster and you'll see why I'm calling our readers' attention to their work and why I call them heroes.

The following came in as the last "discussion" post from the Lake Charles, Louisiana forecaster early Saturday morning when Rita hit shore. Call this a human interest story if you will. I call it a demonstration of how scientists continue to study Mother Nature with great respect and how important it is for our industries to provide them with up to date instruments and tools. I reprint it exactly as it appeared (except for correcting a bit of the spelling... I think he was a bit pre-occupied to run a spellcheck). Considering how many people he and his counterparts in other hard-hit areas helped by "holding the fort", this forecaster is my idea of a hero. Hopefully he found adaquate shelter after signing off. FYI... established as French Catholic areas, townships in Louisiana are called "parishes."

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LAKE CHARLES LA
300 AM CDT SAT SEP 24 2005

.DISCUSSION...FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE FOR THIS ILLINOIS BOY. PARTICULARLY MISSING HOME RIGHT NOW. SOUNDS AS IF A 747 IS SITTING UPON THE ROOF REVVING ITS ENGINES. WIND EQUIPMENT HAS FAILED HERE BUT BELIEVE WE ARE NOW SEEING WINDS POSSIBLY IN A 70 TO 90 KNOT RANGE HERE AT LAKE CHARLES. NOS GAUGE AT CALCASIEU PASS REPORTED A GUST TO 112 MPH...AND THEN FAILED.

ANTICIPATING A 15 TO 20 FOOT STORM SURGE AND UNSURE AT THIS TIME IF THIS WILL IMPACT US. WAS JUST INFORMED THAT AIRPORT TERMINAL NEXT TO OFFICE HAS COLLAPSED. JUST HAD A BRIEF COMMS FAILURE BUT NOW BACK UP. UNFORTUNATELY...SINCE WE ARE NOW IN A DIAL BACKUP MODE...WILL BE UNABLE TO UPDATE GRIDS AND WILL TURN THIS RESPONSIBILITY OVER TO OUR CURRENT BACKUP OFFICE SAN ANTONIO. WE WILL MAINTAIN SHORT-TERM RESPONSIBILITY... NOWCASTS...HLS`S...TAFS...WARNINGS... AS LONG AS WE HOLD TOGETHER.

RITA CURRENTLY MOVING ONSHORE OVER EXTREME SOUTHWEST CAMERON PARISH ON A NORTH NORTHWEST TRACK...AND RIGHT ON WITH NHC FORECAST TRACK. SYSTEM PROGGED TO CONTINUE GENERAL MOTION ACROSS SOUTHEAST TEXAS TODAY WITH DAMAGING WINDS AND TORRENTIAL RAINS.

IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT LATEST MODELS INDICATING SYSTEM WILL NOT STALL ACROSS REGION...THUS WILL SEE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER RAINFALL TOTALS GOING INTO THE NEW WEEK. JUST A BIT OF GOOD NEWS TO END ON.

GOOD LUCK TO EVERYONE.

Hurricanes are the most predictable of weather situations. The forecasters give us plenty of time to prepare and take proper precautions. They're getting pretty good at predicting tornados as well, which are almost the same thing, only over water they seem to take their time getting to you. We've been ranching over 20 years now. Our starter ranch was in Central California located right on the infamous San Andreas Fault in California. We became avid "quakers" and learned that only the wildlife and our livestock could predict earthquakes accurately. We prefer the threat of tornados and the occasional heavy dousing that a hurricane becomes if it happens to wander these few hundred miles north. Wherever you live, there's a threat. Whereas most ranchers tend to be fairly watchful and self-sufficient (generators, reserve water, tornado shelter, etc.) those in cities still tend not to get the full message. If you're one of the weather-threatened and live in the USA... or are concerned about friends and relatives who do, one great step is to get familiar with the NOAA website. Humans and technology working together can save lives, but becoming informed is still part of the equation.

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